The City of Bristol's Backyard Vineyards: Foot-Stomping Grapes in Urban Spaces
Each 20 minutes or so, an ageing diesel-powered train pulls into a graffiti-covered stop. Close by, a police siren pierces the near-constant road noise. Daily travelers rush by falling apart, ivy-covered fencing panels as storm clouds gather.
This is maybe the last place you expect to find a perfectly formed grape-growing plot. However one local grower has managed to four dozen established plants heavy with plump mauve grapes on a rambling allotment situated between a row of historic homes and a commuter railway just north of the city town centre.
"I've noticed individuals concealing heroin or other items in those bushes," says the grower. "But you simply continue ... and keep tending to your vines."
Bayliss-Smith, 46, a documentary cameraman who also has a fermented beverage company, is not the only local vintner. He's pulled together a informal group of cultivators who produce vintage from four hidden urban vineyards nestled in private yards and community plots throughout the city. The project is too clandestine to possess an official name so far, but the group's WhatsApp group is named Grape Expectations.
Urban Wine Gardens Across the Globe
So far, the grower's plot is the only one registered in the Urban Vineyards Association's forthcoming world atlas, which includes better-known urban wineries such as the 1,800 vines on the hillsides of the French capital's renowned artistic district area and more than 3,000 vines with views of and within Turin. The Italian-based non-profit association is at the vanguard of a movement reviving urban grape cultivation in traditional winemaking countries, but has discovered them all over the world, including urban centers in East Asia, South Asia and Uzbekistan.
"Grape gardens assist cities stay more eco-friendly and more diverse. These spaces preserve land from construction by creating permanent, yielding agricultural units inside urban environments," explains the association's president.
Similar to other vintages, those produced in urban areas are a result of the soils the vines thrive in, the vagaries of the weather and the individuals who tend the grapes. "A bottle of wine embodies the beauty, local spirit, environment and history of a urban center," adds the president.
Mystery Eastern European Grapes
Returning to the city, Bayliss-Smith is in a race against time to harvest the vines he grew from a plant abandoned in his garden by a Polish family. Should the rain arrives, then the birds may seize their chance to attack again. "Here we have the mystery Polish grape," he says, as he removes bruised and mouldy grapes from the shimmering clusters. "We don't really know what variety they are, but they are certainly disease-resistant. In contrast to noble varieties – Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and other famous French grapes – you need not spray them with pesticides ... this could be a unique cultivar that was bred by the Eastern Bloc."
Group Efforts Throughout the City
The other members of the collective are also taking advantage of bright periods between showers of fall precipitation. At a rooftop garden overlooking Bristol's shimmering waterfront, where medieval merchant vessels once floated with casks of wine from Europe and the Iberian peninsula, one cultivator is harvesting her dark berries from approximately 50 plants. "I adore the smell of these vines. The scent is so reminiscent," she says, pausing with a basket of fruit resting on her arm. "It's the scent of Provence when you open the car windows on vacation."
The humanitarian worker, 52, who has spent over two decades working for charitable groups in war-torn regions, inadvertently took over the vineyard when she moved back to the United Kingdom from East Africa with her household in 2018. She experienced an strong responsibility to look after the grapevines in the garden of their recently acquired property. "This plot has already endured three different owners," she explains. "I really like the idea of natural stewardship – of handing this down to future caretakers so they can keep cultivating from this land."
Sloping Gardens and Traditional Production
Nearby, the remaining cultivators of the collective are busily laboring on the precipitous slopes of the local river valley. One filmmaker has cultivated more than 150 plants perched on ledges in her wild half-acre garden, which descends towards the muddy River Avon. "People are always surprised," she notes, gesturing towards the tangled vineyard. "It's astonishing to them they are viewing grapevine lines in a urban neighborhood."
Today, Scofield, sixty, is picking clusters of deep violet Rondo grapes from rows of vines arranged along the hillside with the help of her daughter, her family member. The conservationist, a wildlife and conservation film-maker who has worked on Netflix's Great National Parks series and television network's gardening shows, was motivated to plant grapes after seeing her neighbor's grapevines. She has learned that amateurs can produce interesting, pleasurable natural wine, which can command prices of more than seven pounds a serving in the increasing quantity of wine bars focusing on minimal-intervention vintages. "It is deeply rewarding that you can truly create good, traditional vintage," she says. "It's very on trend, but really it's resurrecting an old way of producing vintage."
"During foot-stomping the fruit, all the natural microorganisms are released from the skins and enter the liquid," says Scofield, partially submerged in a bucket of tiny stems, seeds and red liquid. "This represents how vintages were historically produced, but industrial wineries introduce sulphur [dioxide] to kill the wild yeast and subsequently incorporate a commercially produced yeast."
Difficult Conditions and Creative Solutions
A few doors down active senior Bob Reeve, who inspired Scofield to establish her grapevines, has assembled his companions to harvest Chardonnay grapes from the 100 vines he has arranged precisely across two terraces. The former teacher, a northern English PE teacher who worked at Bristol University developed a passion for viticulture on regular visits to France. But it is a challenge to grow this particular variety in the humidity of the valley, with cooling tides sweeping in and out from the nearby estuary. "I aimed to make Burgundian wines in this location, which is a bit bonkers," admits Reeve with a smile. "Chardonnay is late to ripen and very sensitive to fungal infections."
"My goal was creating Burgundian wines in this environment, which is rather ambitious"
The unpredictable local weather is not the only problem encountered by winegrowers. Reeve has been compelled to install a barrier on